Iron In Plant Foods

Many individuals are concerned that they will not get enough iron when they start to eat a plant based diet. The truth in the matter is that iron is prevalent in a wide variety of plant foods. In fact, an individual who properly consumes a plant-based diet gets just as much iron as individuals who do not eat plant-based!

Iron is a trace element which is needed by the body for the formation of blood. More than half of the iron found in our blood is in the form of haemoglobin (the red pigment in blood). Haemoglobin helps transport oxygen from the lungs to our tissues, and plays a role in activating enzymatic reactions and is necessary for collagen synthesis. It is also needed for regulation of cell growth and is required for good cognition and behaviour.

What about heme and non-heme iron?

I find a lot of people are confused about the difference between heme and non-heme iron. Heme iron is the iron found in animal proteins (meat, fish, poultry, eggs, dairy), and is more readily absorbed by the body than non-heme iron (an iron form found in plant foods). It is also important to recognize that the human body has no mechanism to rid itself of excess iron, and thus our bodies evolved to tightly regulate the absorption of iron (1).

When our iron stores are low, iron absorption is boosted to the intestines, and when our iron stores arehigh, iron absorption is blocked in the intestines. This mechanism only works with non-heme iron! When we consume animal products and are receiving heme-iron as our main iron source, our bodies can no longer regulate this iron intake (2). When we consume too much heme-iron (remember, heme-iron is from animal proteins), our intestines cannot regulate the iron influx, and thus, it passes right through the intestinal barrier, leading to a body that is technically considered “Iron Toxic.”

Iron toxicity leads to decreased absorption and utilization of vitamin E, diabetes, gut disturbances, hair loss, increased free radical production (iron is a pro-oxidant (3), which leads to oxidative stress and DNA damage, which can result in cancer, inflammation and worsened arthritis symptoms), liver disease and heart disease.

Non-heme iron and vitamin C:

The heme-iron in meat, as described above, is very readily absorbed into the bloodstream. Non-heme iron requires being released from its food components by the hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme pepsin in the stomach. Non-heme iron must also be shuttled from the digestive tract into the bloodstream by a protein called transferrin. 

Tannins found in coffee and green, black and some herbal teas can inhibit the absorption of this plant iron, whereas vitamin C is a strong enhancer of plant iron, and can overcome inhibitors in plant foods (inhibitors like tannins in tea and phytates found in legumes and grains). You should avoid the foods that inhibit iron absorption (coffee, cocoa, black, green and herbal teas), and focus on foods that promote iron absorption (high vitamin C foods) when consuming a plant-based meal.

Vitamin C is found in most fruits, with the highest being in citrus fruits. It is also found in green leafy vegetables like broccoli, kale, collards, swiss chard, and brussels sprouts as well as cauliflower and bell peppers (all colours).

Low iron stores are not necessarily unhealthy!

Low iron stores are associated with higher glucose tolerance and might help prevent diabetes (4). High iron stores have also been linked to cancer and heart disease (5).

How much Iron do you need? 

Women need around 8-18mg of iron (depending on menstrual cycle – if cycling through menses, women should consume on the higher end of the spectrum), and men need around 8-11mg of iron, daily. Pregnant women should consume up to 30mg of iron daily.

Plant-based foods high in non-heme iron:

Here is a short list (including but definitely not limited to) of plant foods rich in iron! Be sure to combine these foods with a vitamin C containing plant food of your choice to help increase absorption!

1. Pumpkin seeds: 2 tbsp. = 8.6 mg

2. Spinach: 1 cup = 6.4 mg

3. Pine nuts: 2 tbsp. = 5.2 mg

4. Hemp seeds: 4.7 mg per 100 grams

5. Swiss chard: 1 cup = 4 mg

6. Figs: 10 figs = 4 mg

7. Sunflower seeds: 2 tbsp. = 3.8 mg

8. Parsley: 1 cup = 3.7 mg

9. Tomatoes: 1 cup = 3.4 mg

10. Coconut: 3.4 mg per 100 grams

11. Potatoes: 1 large = 3.2 mg

12. Beets & Beet greens: 1 cup = 2.7 mg

13. Sweet peas: 1 cup = 2.5 mg

14. Chia seeds: 1 oz. = 2.2 mg

15. Almonds: 2 tbsp. = 2 mg

16. Sprouts: 1 cup = 2 mg

17. Apricots: 10 apricots = 2 mg

18. Bok choy: 1 cup = 1.8 mg

19. Collards: 1 cup = 1.5 mg

20. Kale: 1 cup = 1.2 mg

21. Grapes: 1 cup = 1.2 mg

22. Broccoli: 1 cup = 1.1 mg

23. Avocado: 1 avocado = 1 mg

24. Brussels sprouts: 1 cup = 0.9 mg

25. Bananas: 1 banana = 0.5 mg

Click The Image BELOW For A Print-out PDF Version of Iron in Plant Foods! 

Article Source: Live Love Fruit

Liver Cleansing Foods

Why is the liver so important? It helps process nutrients in our food, makes bile, removes toxic substances from the body and is involved in the building of proteins. When our liver is not functioning properly then nutrients are no longer effectively processed and we become deficient in minerals and vitamins. The bile that is produced in the liver helps digest food (especially fat), and without sufficient bile production (due to a malfunctioning liver), this fat is no longer broken down and clogs our cells, vessels and arteries. A major function of the liver, removing toxins from blood, is especially important. If the liver is not working properly, then it cannot pull out toxins from the blood, and instead, these toxins get re-absorbed into our cells, accumulating and creating problems that manifest in forms of different illnesses and disease.   Taking care of our liver is incredibly important! Avoiding alcohol, refined sugar & processed foods, and fatty foods is your first step to healing the liver. Getting rid of the root of the problem, and repairing the liver with natural foods is a recipe for liver-repairing success!   When consuming alcohol, an array of chemical reactions take place in the liver resulting in damaged cells – the liver then tries to repair these cells, scarring itself and inflaming surrounding tissues. Refined sugar & processed foods as well as fatty foods create problems for the liver too – eating these foods day after day can lead to a condition known as fatty liver (also caused by excessive alcohol consumption), which is caused by triglyceride fat accumulation. This is then accompanied by progressive inflammation and scarring of the liver.   

Foods to help naturally heal the liver: Dandelion Green- Leafy greens, especially dandelion greens and mustard greens are great for the liver! They are incredibly high in chlorophyll which helps remove accumulated toxins. Dandelion greens help stimulate digestion and are considered a diuretic (helps promote water loss from the body through urination) – because of their diuretic effects, dandelion greens help lower blood pressure and relieve premenstrual fluid retention. The extremely bitter taste of dandelion greens and mustard greens promotes bile flow from the liver and gallbladder, and thus allow for more efficient liver processing of nutrients. Beets are a great way to detoxify the liver. They have been used to fight liver toxins for centuries. Beets contain a substance called betaine which protects the liver and bile ducts which are important in proper liver function. This substance also encourages the liver to get rid of intra-cellular toxin buildup. Not only that, but betaine helps lower inflammation levels in the body and so it can help defend against fatty liver. Make sure to eat beets raw, or juice them raw, because this substance is most active when in its raw form. Horseradish- This root helps digest fat, so it eases any work the liver may have at digesting excess fats from your diet. Consuming horseradish also helps to regenerate and heal the liver, keeping it cleansed of accumulated toxins from a life time of bad eating habits. In addition, horseradish is a powerful diuretic, and so it helps quicken the flushing of toxins and other inflammatory agents from our liver and kidneys (via increased urination).   Artichoke helps stimulate bile flow from the liver and thus it helps alleviate symptoms of heartburn and “hangovers” from alcohol consumption. Proper bile flow is essential for detoxification (a major task of the liver). Bile serves as a carrier for toxins that we breathe in through the air, eat in our food, or drink in our water – it helps to ensure that these toxins are taken to the intestine or kidneys for proper elimination from the body. Today, extracts of artichoke are used for dyspepsia and to help in the processing of fat metabolism. Celery is incredibly rich in iron and vitamins A, B and C. It is a great tonic for the liver and a mild diuretic for the kidneys. The phytonutrients in celery help protect the digestive tract and liver – specifically, researchers from Taiwan have found that when treated with celery extract, liver cells produced more of a specific liver enzyme which helps flush toxins and other contaminants from the body. The mild diuretic effects of celery also aid in the removal of bodily toxins and lowering blood pressure. Asparagus has been found to boost ADH and ALDH, two liver enzymes which help metabolize ethanol (aka. the alcohol you might have drank last night). This makes asparagus a great way to alleviate symptoms of an alcohol “hangover” and helps protect the liver against toxic contaminants which otherwise may lead to scarring and fatty liver. It should also be noted that the leaves of asparagus also have therapeutic value, and are extremely high in enzymes ADH and ALDH. Make sure to eat fresh asparagus, particularly in its raw state to help boost the enzymatic activity of this vegetable. 

Sources: Live Love Fruit
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19895471   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23603008   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23061292   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12405796   http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23421107   http://jcb.rupress.org/content/20/3/497.abstract